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ChatGPT performs like a 9

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简介Image: Future Publishing / Contributor / Getty ImagesThe newest versions of GPT-3 behind ChatGPT and...

Image: Future Publishing / Contributor / Getty Images

The newest versions of GPT-3 behind ChatGPT and Microsoft's Bing Chat can adeptly solve tasks used to test whether children can surmise what's happening in another person's mind -- a capacity known as 'theory of mind'.

Michal Kosinski, associate professor of organizational behavior at Stanford University, put several versions of ChatGPT through theory of mind (ToM) tasks designed to test a child's ability to "impute unobservable mental states to others". In humans, this would involve looking at a scenario involving another person and understanding what's going on inside their head.

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The November 2022 version of ChatGPT (trained on GPT-3.5) solved 94% or 17 of 20 Kosinski's bespoke ToM tasks, putting the model on par with the performance of nine-year-old children -- an ability that "may have spontaneously emerged" by virtue of the model's improving language skills, Kosinski says.

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Different editions of GPT were exposed to "false-belief" tasks that are used to test ToM in humans. Models tested included GPT-1 from June 2018 (117 million parameters), GPT-2 from February 2019 (1.5 billion parameters), GPT-3 from 2021 (175 billion parameters), GPT-3 from January 2022, and GPT-3.5 from November 2022 (unknown numbers of parameters).

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"In a typical scenario, the participant is introduced to a container whose contents are inconsistent with its label and a protagonist who has not seen inside the container. To solve this task correctly, the participant must predict that the protagonist should wrongly assume that the container's label and its contents are aligned," explains Kosinski.

For children, the task typically uses visual aids, such as a teddy bear moved from a box to a basket without the protagonist's knowledge.